Communist+China

toc 1920-1980 By: Michael Holland, Luke Morman & Devon Wagenman
 * "The Communists are a disease of the heart." - Chaing Kai-shek**

=Communist China Explained:=

The rise of Communism in China is largely due to a man named Mao Zedong. He was poorly educated as a child but highly intelligent. Zedong left home and had become a member of the Nationalist Army as the Revolution began around 1911. He was soon introduced to and became powerfully influenced by the philosophies of Marxism.

Following the Boxer Rebellion1 of 1900, China's citizens experienced starvation, extreme poverty, and grief resulting in the loss of many innocent lives. This set the stage for the acceptance of men like Zedong and the Communistic philosophies of Karl Marx. After being under the rule of warlords around 1916, many Chinese began joining revolutionary groups and political parties in hopes of changing their country. During and after the Great Revolution (1914—1918), China saw several movements which strongly raised a path into Communism.

These times of chaos and despair played a large role in acceptance of Mao. He had the support of roughly 85 percent of the nation who were poor farmers. Zedong started a society for the study of Marxism, and in 1921 its members started the Chinese Communist Party. "Mao Zedong led the communists after the army successfully finished the Revolution by defeating the nationalists. Then once Mao was in control, the Chinese loved him and gave ample support in 'return for better changes for the peasants,'" says writer Christopher van de Merwe.2

The basis of traditional communism is common ownership and production. Karl Marx started communism as a journey into rational eschatology. But through (Lenin's) Soviet communism, this was discarded and only atheism and tyranny were left. Marx believed that a man's worth reflected his efforts and that the state of equality was one's "final stage in life." This philosophy shows Communism to be not only anti-Christian, but anti any divine deity.



=Key Terms:=

10. __**Communes**__ - Communes were a large group of farms village sized that used labor instead of new technologies. Each commune could have more than 30,000 that lived together and worked together.
 * 1) __**The Great Leap Forward**__- This plan as created in 1958 to run through 1961, and was a plan to create an ideal communist society by removing things like corruption.
 * 2) __**Tiananmen Square Massacre**__- On June 4th, 1989, Chinese students demonstrated in the Tiananmen Square against the Chinese government. These student demonstrators were killed by the Chinese authorities.
 * 3) __**Peoples' Republic of China**__- On October 1st, 1949 the communist party created a dictatorship founded under Mao Zedong. Under Mao Zedong's rule many ideas were established like the Great Leap Forward.
 * 4) __**Shanghai Massacre**__- In April of 1927, Chiang Kai-shek tried to eliminate the communist party in what was known as the Shanghai Massacre. Thousands of communists were tortured and killed.
 * 5) __**Long March**__- From 1933-1935 communists began a 6000 mile journey to flee from capture and execution. The end of the voyage was the Yan'an base, a base in the hills for communist protection.
 * 6) __**New Life Movement**__- Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Mei-ling Soong set up the New Life Movement with a goal to promote traditional Confucian social ethics, like righteousness, propriety, and integrity.
 * 7) __**Guerrilla Tactics**__- Guerrilla tactics is the use of unexpected strategies and battle tactics to sabotage and confuse the enemy in battle. Mao used guerrilla tactics when Chiang's army outnumbered his.
 * 8) __**Permanent Revolution**__- Mao had this idea in his perfect communist, classless society. This idea said that the only way to overcome the past and move on to this ideal communism was permanent revolution, or a constant revolutionary atmosphere.
 * 9) __**Four Olds**__- To finalize the cultural revolution, red guards set out to remove the "Four Olds" which are old ideas, old culture, old customs and old habits.



=Important Leaders:=

__**Henry Pu-Yi**__- he was the last emperor of China and the last emperor of the Manchu Dynasty. =Videos & Widgets:=
 * __Dr. Sun Yat-sen__**- he was the founder of modern china and the leader of the revolution against the Manchu Dynasty.
 * __Chiang Kai-shek__**- he pretended to support the alliance with the communists. But he would strike against them in 1927.
 * __Mao Zedong__**- he was the creator of the people’s republic of China. He also insisted that the communist party support the demands of the peasants.
 * __Deng Xiaoping__**- he seized power and brought the Cultural Revolution to an end when Mao Zedong died.
 * __Harry Truman__**- he sent troops into south Korea to repel the forces of north Korea after they invaded south Korea with the approval of Joseph Stalin.
 * __Richard Nixon__**- he was the first president to visit the people’s republic of china since its inception in 1949.
 * __Dalai Lama__**- he was a spiritual leader of Tibet who was exiled to India and now lives in the USA.
 * __Henry Kissinger__**- he was the U.S Secretary of State who planned a secret trip to China.
 * __Mao Fumei__**- She was the wife of Chaing Kai-Sheik. She was also the mother to his son and successor Chaing Ching-Kuo.

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=For More Information:=


 * [|Guomingdang]- this website talks about the Guomingdang and highlights its leaders events that occured when it was around.
 * [|Chinese Communist Party]- this website gives a brief description and basic info of the party but also describes and lists organizations under the party.
 * [|The Long March]- this website deeply describes the Communist's Long March and highlights the key people (allows you to click name to go to another page on the person)
 * [|China's communist revolution]- this website gives an intro to the communist revolution in 1949 and has links to events and people in the revolution.
 * [|Little Red Book]- this website gives links to categories of Mao's //Little Red Book//.
 * [|The Great Leap Forward]- this website describes the Great Leap Forward and also explains the consequences of it.
 * [|Korean War]- this website talks about the Korean War, gives dates on when certain things occured, and lists and describes pictures of the war.
 * [|Tibet]- this website describes "wars and conflicts between Tibet and China" and gives a sort-of timeline of events of the conflicts.
 * [|Gang of Four]- this website describes what the Gang of Four was and their trial.
 * [|Tiananmen Square Massacre]- this website talks divides this event into a few sections (labeled with the date it occured) and explains each.