Age+of+Imperialism

toc 1800 - 1914
 * By: Devin, Luke, & Michael**

 "For a man to strike any women is most brutal, and I, as well as everyone else, think this far worse than any attempt to shoot, which, wicked as it is, is at least more comprehensible and more courageous". Queen Victoria (BrianyQuote.com)

=Age of Imperialism Explained:=

The Age of Imperialism had a lot of important events and people that would influence the future of our world. Imperialism was the extension of a nation’s power over other lands. One nation that had started this process was Europe. Europe extended their power into North and South America, and set up trading posts in Africa. Many colonies were set up on the southern tip of Africa which was known to the Europeans as Cape Colony. One many that was affected by the colonization in South Africa was Cecil Rhodes. He founded and ran a gold and diamond company that did very well. He used this money to gain control of a territory north of Transvaal which he named after himself, Rhodesia. These changes to the area drastically affected the Africans living there. The European would take their raw materials and natural resources and turned them in to commodities which would be sold in Europe. The Africans would gain no profit from these products but lost valuable resources they depended on to live. This sparked an indigenous group of people, called the Zulu, to constantly battle with the Boers, or descendants of the original Dutch settlers. The Zulu had a very talented leader called Shaka who helped the Zulu people carve out their empire.



One very important person in this time era was Dr. David Livingstone. He was a Scottish missionary and explorer who left Britain for East Africa in August of 1865. This quest was requested by the Royal Geographical Society to try and determine the source of the Nile River. Many explorers before him favored Lake Tanganyika or Lake Victoria. Livingstone and his men of about 60 went to the mainland and a few months later the word of Livingstone’s death arose. In October 1869, James Gordon Bennet met with Henry M. Stanley in the Grand Hotel in Paris. Bennet instructed Stanley to go and find Dr. Livingstone and find out whatever news he offers of the source of the Nile. In March 1872 Stanley had found Livingstone. Dr. Livingstone had not found the source of the Nile because he was battle sickness most of the time he was there. Stanley brought him fresh supplies and men that set out with him towards Lakes Tanganyika and Bangweulu. Livingstone unfortunately didn’t find the source of the Nile. Instead his men found him kneeling by his bed- dead. The Africans said that Doctor Livingstone may be returned home for his burial but his heart stays in Africa. East Asia was also under a lot of challenges. One of these challenges was the Tai Ping rebellion. This rebellion was sparked by the failure of the Chinese government. The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convent who viewed himself as a younger brother of Jesus. He believed that god had given him the mission to destroy the Qing dynasty. The rebellion ended after Europeans came to the aid of the Qing dynasty when they realized the destructive nature of the Tai Ping forces. Another challenge the East Asians faced was the Opium War. This war was started after the Europeans were only able to trade outlet at Guangzhou. But the British did not like this. The first thing they tried was to negotiate with China and when this didn’t work they decided to trade with Opium. Opium was a growing city in Northern India. The British ended up winning the war because the Chinese were no match for the British warships.

=Key Terms:=


 * 1) __**Imperialism**__- Imperialism is when a nation controls another territory over other regions. An example of imperialism is Britain controlling Singapore during this time period.
 * 2) __**Social Darwinists**__- Social Darwinists believed that through all of the struggles that countries caused, the leading would come out victorious, "survival of the fittest."
 * 3) __**Protectorate**__- A Protectorate is formed when one political government is controlled by another in order for protection. An example of this is how France formed a protectorate with Vietnam.
 * 4) __**Indirect Rule**__- When a colony is created in a new territory and the government rulers maintain positions and ranks in this new country, this is known as indirect rule.
 * 5) __**Direct Rule**__- Direct rule happens when a colony in another country's government leaders are replaced by the leaders of the main country.
 * 6) __**Annexed**__- Annexed means creating a country within another state. Great Britain did this in 1874 when they created a colony in the west coastal states of Africa.
 * 7) __**Indigenous**__- Indigenous people are those who's origin is particular to their region. In this chapter the Zulu people were indigenous under a leader named Shaka.
 * 8) __**Sepoys**__- Hired Indian soldiers that helped the British East India Company rule and protect. These Sepoys later led a revolt against the British East India Company.
 * 9) __**Viceroy**__- A viceroy is a governor of a different territory under a monarch. In this chapter, Britain held control of India and had a viceroy that governed it.
 * 10) __**Mestizos**__ - Mestizos are a group of people consisting of both European and indian descent. Mestizos were in Mexico and together with Indians on September 16 created an uprising known as Mexico's Independence Day.[[image:wh2012mikedevinluke/TaipingRebellionGEMoule408x276.gif align="right" caption="Tai Ping Rebellion"]]

=Important Leaders:=

1. **__Emilio Aguinaldo__**- He was the leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines. He revolted against the Spanish and kept revolting after the United States acquired the Philippines. 2. **__Ferdinand de Lesseps__**- He was the man who signed a contract to begin building the Suez Canal. He then completed the Suez Canal in 1869. 3. **__Muhammad Ali__**- He was an officer of the Ottoman army who took power of Egypt and separated it into different states. During the next 30 years of his reign he introduced new reforms. 4. **__Cecil Rhodes__**- He was an influence on British policy in South Africa as well as an owner of a gold and diamond company. This company made him very wealthy which enabled him to gain control of land in northern Africa and he called this land Rhodesia which he named after himself. 5. **__Queen Victoria__**- She had the title of empress of India in 1876. This was a result of the uprising in Kanpur where Indians armed with swords and knives slaughtered 200 defenseless women and children. 6. **__Mohandas Gandhi__**- He was a lawyer at an Indian law firm and saw that there was a lot of racial exploitation and became very active in independence movements. 7. **__Monroe Doctine__**- He guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations and warned against any European intervention in the Americas. 8. **__Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna__**- He ruled Mexico form 1833 to 1855. He defeated the Americans after they revolted against his rule in Texas. 9. **__Benito Juarez__**- He was a Mexican national hero. He brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church, state, and land distribution to the poor. 10. **__General Yuan Shigai__**- He had total control of the Chinese army. He was turned to after the Chinese party was forced to look at an old order after they didn’t have enough military of political power to form a new government.

=Map:=



=Videos & Widgets:=

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=Timeline:=

media type="custom" key="13282040" =For More Information:=


 * [|European Imperialism in the 19th Century]- This website talks about the role of Europe's Imperialism.
 * [|Imperialism in Africa]- This website lists other articles that talk about imperialism in Africa.
 * [|Western Imperialism]- This website talks about the sheres of influence in imperialism.
 * [|David Livingstone]- This website talks about David Livingstone.
 * [|Muhammad Ali Pasha in Egyptian History]- This website talks about Muhammad Ali and how he founded modern Egypt.
 * [|Henry Stanley]- This website talks about Sir Henry Stanley and what happened before and after he found David Livingstone.
 * [|Suez Canal]- This website talks about what happened while building the Suez Canal.
 * [|Ethiopia]- This website gives a brief history of Ethiopia.
 * [|Zulu Empire]- This website talks about the Zulu Empire in the early 1800's.
 * [|British Imperialism in India]- This website talks about the stuggles of imperialism in India