European+Nationalism

By: Luke, Michael, Devin & Adis 1800-1914

"Great events make me quiet and calm; it is only trifles that irritate my nerves." Queen Victoria (BrainyQuote.com)

European Nationalism had a lot of important events. One of those events was the meeting at the Congress of Vienna. At this meeting in 1814 Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia all met to restore the old order after defeating Napoleon. Another important event was the outbursts of the revolutionary’s. This began in 1830 when the forces of change, Liberalism and Nationalism, started to break through the conservative domination of Europe. The liberals overthrew the Bourbon monarch Charles X in France. After the overthrow the liberals established a constitutional monarchy. One more important event was the second French Revolution. There were severe economic problems in the beginning in 1846 that brought hardship in France. There were also a lot of important people to influence this era. One of these people was Louis-Phillippe. He was the cousin of Charles X and came to power after he was overthrown by the Liberals. Another person that was very important was Giuseppe Garibaldi. He was a dedicated Italian patriot who raised an army of a thousand volunteers. These volunteers were called Red Shirts because of the color of their uniforms. An additional influential person was Queen Victoria. She reigned from 1837 to 1901 which was the longest reigning queen in English history. Another influential person was Czar Alexander II. He decided to make serious reforms after they suffered a humiliating defeat against Russia. In this era there was also a lot of place unifying. One of these places was the Italian Peninsula. In 1848 the failure of the revolution left people looking for leadership. Many people looked at the Italian state of Piedmont for the leadership so many people were looking for to unite the Italian people. Another place that was in the process of unification was Germany. Germany looked to Prussia for leadership after the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly. They looked at Prussia because throughout the nineteenth century they had become very prosperous. Prussia was authoritarian and had a kind that had a firm control over the government and army.

Key Terms:


 * 1) __**[[image:CarlSchurz14.jpg align="right"]]Balance of Power**__- A balance of power is when not one country in Europe is more powerful than the rest, and power is spread equally.
 * 2) __**Conservatism**__- Conservatism is a political philosophy that focused on old tradition and social stability. Conservatives are against revolutions and people demanding special rights.
 * 3) __**Principle of Intervention**__- This idea created by the great powers of Europe (except Britain) said that armies would be sent to stop rebels and restore monarchs in countries that struggled with revolution in order to follow the Balance of Power.
 * 4) __**Liberalism**__- The idea of Liberalism is that people can be as free as possible from their government. These liberals especially wanted the basic rights, and should be guaranteed in document.
 * 5) __**Nationalism**__- Another idea came from the idea of a nation, a large community of people with things in common, like language, traditions and customs. It was believed by nationalists that each nation should have its own form of government to fit their specific needs.
 * 6) __**Provisional**__- A temporary government called for by the republicans of France after another French Revolution, in which revolutionists took over the government of Louis-Philippe.
 * 7) __**Universal Male Suffrage**__- After Republicans began to control France, setting up a Republic was their next goal. They wrote a constitution in which all adult men could vote, known as Universal Male Suffrage.
 * 8) __**German Confederation**__- The Congress of Vienna recognized 38 independent German states in which Austria and Prussia were the 2 most powerful. The Frankfurt Assembly's goal was to unite all of Germany.
 * 9) __**Militarism**__- Militarism is the reliance on military strength. After the Frankfurt assembly failed to unite the German states they looked at Prussia for leadership who was known for its militarism.
 * 10) __**Abolitionism**__ - A movement set up to end slavery in the United States. The North challenged the Southern way of life who focused on slaves to grow cotton.

Important Leaders:


 * __Klemens von Metternich__**- Prince Klemens von Metternich was the Austrian foreign Minister. He was also the leader of the Congress of Vienna to arrange a peace agreement.
 * __Louis-Philippe__**- Louis-Philippe was the monarch who received support from the upper middle class and he was also the cousin of Charles X.
 * __Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte__**- He was the nephew of a famous French ruler and won the election to become the new president for the Second Republic chosen by the universal male suffrage.
 * __Carl Schurz__**- He was a leader of the German revolution. Once the revolution failed, he went to America and fought in the civil war and became the secretary of the interior.
 * __Giuseppe Garibaldi__**- He was a dedicated Italian patriot, raised an army of a thousand volunteers called the red shirts because of their uniforms.
 * __Camillo di Cavour__**- He was the kings prime minister in 1852 and was very dedicated to his job. As the prime minister he created a unified Italy.
 * __King Victor Emmanuel II__**- He was the ruler of the Kingdom of Piedmont in the beginning of 1849. He also named a new prime minister in 1852.
 * __Otto von Bismarck__**- Count Otto von Bismarck was appointed the prime minister by William I. He was to help levy new taxes for military changes.
 * __Queen Victoria__**- She reigned from 1837 to 1901 which was the longest English reign in history. She had a sense of duty and moral respectability which reflected her attitude.
 * __Czar Alexander II__**- He decided to make drastic changes to Russia after their humiliating defeat in 1856 by issuing an emancipation edict, which freed the serfs.

Map:



Video & Widgets:

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Timeline:



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For More Information...


 * 1) [|Congress of Vienna] - This website talks about the important people, important decisions, and the outcome of the meetings.[[image:240px-Prince_Metternich_by_Lawrence.jpg align="right" caption="Klemens von Metternich"]]
 * 2) [|Liberalism] - This website deeply describes liberalism.
 * 3) [|European Nationalism] - This website lists different documents during the age of European Nationalism in order by dates.
 * 4) [|Nationalism and its impact in Europe]- This website talks briefly talks about what impact nationalism had in Europe.
 * 5) [|The French Revolution of 1848] - This website talks about what happened during the French Revolution of 1848.
 * 6) [|The German Revolution] - This website talks about what happened in 1848-49 during the German Revolution.
 * 7) [|The Fall of Aursto-Hungarian Empire]- This website talks about the Austrian Empire and the effect the revolution had on it.
 * 8) [|Italian Unification]- This website shows what happened to unify Italy in the form of a time line, but also pointing out key people.
 * 9) [|Documents of German Unification]- This website lists different documents that were used to unify Germany.
 * 10) [|Nationalism] - This website describes nationalism in North American history.